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Avocados

Persea americana.

Avocados (Persea americana) are a versatile fruit tree well-suited to warm temperate, subtropical, and tropical climates. They thrive in well-drained, slightly acidic soil (pH 5.5-7), rich in organic matter. Avocados are sensitive to root rot, so it’s essential to ensure proper drainage, especially if the soil is clay-based. Plant your tree in full sun, sheltered from strong winds, and water deeply but infrequently to encourage deep root growth. Mulching around the tree helps retain moisture and keep the roots cool.

Avocados are typically categorized into “A” and “B” flowering types for optimal pollination, and growing one of each type can boost fruit yield. While avocados can take several years to bear fruit, a grafted tree will usually produce within three to five years. Once fruiting begins, avocados can be harvested when they reach their mature size but still require ripening off the tree.

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Plant Growing Tips

Where to Grow

Avocado trees thrive in full sun, so choose a location that receives at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily. They are suitable for both garden beds and large pots. Ensure the planting site is well-drained and sheltered from strong winds, which can damage the trees and cause fruit drop. Consider planting avocados on a slight slope or in raised beds to improve drainage.

Climate

Avocados prefer a warm, subtropical to tropical climate. They grow best in temperatures between 15°C and 30°C. Protect them from frost and temperatures below 5°C, as cold weather can damage the trees and affect fruit production. In cooler regions, consider planting frost-tolerant varieties like 'Hass' or 'Fuerte.'

Soil Type

Plant avocados in well-draining soil. A sandy loam enriched with organic matter is ideal. The soil should be slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0-7.0). Avoid heavy clay soils or areas with poor drainage, as these conditions can lead to root rot.

Fertilizer

Feed avocado trees with a balanced, slow-release fertiliser every 6-8 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer). Ensure the fertiliser contains essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements such as magnesium and zinc. Reduce fertilising in autumn and winter when growth slows down.

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